Jafnaætt – Lycopodiaceae

Skrifað um July 22, 2012 · in Flóra · 72 Comments

 

Lycopsida – Jafnar

1. Vatnajurt. Enginn blaðbær ofanjarðarstöngull ……………. Álftalauksætt (Isoëtaceae)
1. Þurrlendistegund. Blaðbær ofanjarðarstöngull …………………………………………………. 2
2. Blöð hreisturkennd, heilrend eða lítið tennt. Sígrænir, trénaðir stönglar ………………… …………………………………………………………………. Jafnaætt (Lycopodiaceae) Sjá hér að neðan
2 Blöð þorntennt, Stönglar fíngerðir (líkir mosum) … Mosajafnaætt (Selaginellaceae)

Jafnaætt – Lycopodiaceae

Sígrænir, fjölærir byrkningar (gróplöntur). Stöngull er kvíslgreinóttur, stinnur og trénaður; jafnan með bæði jarðlæga, rótskeyta sprota og upprétta. Jarðlægir sprotar ýmist neðan- eða ofanjarðar. Blöð lítil, gis- eða þéttstæð, stilklaus og ydd. Gróhirzlur kringlóttar eða nýrlaga, einhólfa; í öxlum blaða eða á sérstökum blöðum í ax-líkum sprotum. Öll gró eins. Kynliður lítill, laufgrænulaus og lifir í sambýli við sveppi.

Lykill að ættkvíslum:

1. Stöngull uppréttur, uppsveigður. Gróblöð eins og grólaus blöð, gróhirzlur í blaðöxlum ………… skollafingur (Huperzia)
1. Stöngull jarðlægur eða skriðull. Gróblöð í axlíkri skipan á stöngulenda …………………….. 2

2. Blöð í 8-16 ógreinilegum röðum á stöngli; sprotar 5-12 mm að þvermáli …lyngjafnar (Lycopodium)
2. Blöð í 4 röðum á stöngli; sprotar 2-6 mm að þvermáli ………………… jafnar (Diphasiastrum)

SkollafingurHuperzia Bernh.

Ættkvíslin er nefnd eftir þýskum eðlis- og garðyrkjufræðingi, Johann Peter Huperz (1771-1816). Til ættkvíslar þessarar teljast um 400 tegundir (1-3 hér). Á stundum er henni skipt á tvær kvíslir, Huperzia í þröngri merkingu með um 10-15 tegundir í tempraða beltinu og á heimsskautasvæðinu og síðan allar hinar Phlegmariurus, sem vaxa einkum í hitabeltinu og hinu heittempraða; margar þeirra eru ásætur. Sumir grasafræðingar telja Huperzia til sérstakrar ættar, skollafingursættar (Huperziaceae).

SkollafingurHuperzia selago (L.) Bernh. ex Schrank & Mart.

Stöngull uppréttur eða uppsveigður, oft greinóttur. Fjölær, sígræn þófaplanta. Blöð í óreglulegum röðum á stöngli, lensulaga, stilklaus, 5-8 mm á lengd, heilrend, dökkgræn, oft gulleit. Gróbæru blöðin dreifð um stöngul, einkum ofantil, skera sig ekki úr. Gróhirslur í blaðöxlum, nýrlaga. Á víð og dreif á stöngli myndast oft æxliknappar, gerðir úr 6 litlum blöðum. Þeir stuðla að kynlausri dreifingu plöntunnar.

Flestir skipta tegundinni í tvær undirtegundir samkvæmt eftirfarandi greiningarlykli, en skil á milli þeirra eru þó óviss:

1. Stönglar um 15 mm á breidd. Blöð útstæð. Oft án æxliknappa eða þeir eru í einum kransi efst á plöntunni ………………………………………………………………….…………………….. ssp. selago
1. Stönglar um 5 mm á breidd. Blöð aðlæg. Oftast með æxliknappa í einum eða fleiri krönsum …………….… ssp. arctica

Undirtegundin ssp. arctica (Grossh. ex Tolm. ) Á. Löve et D. Löve er mun algengari en ssp. selago. Á stundum er ssp. arctica skipt í tvær sjálfstæðar tegundir samkvæmt eftirfarandi greiningarlykli:

1. Neðri blöð útstæð, efri blöð aðlæg. Efri blöð mjó-þríhyrnd. Yfirleitt má finna nokkrar gróhirzlur… paufafingur (H. appressa).
1. Öll blöð aðlæg, efri blöð egglaga. Oftast aðeins með æxliknappa, en gróhirzlur eru fáséðar …………… skufsafingur (H. arctica).

PaufafingurHuperzia appressa (Bach. Pyl. ex Desv.) Á. & D. Löve Greinar standa ekki þétt saman, grannar; engin skil á milli árssprota. Efstu blöð aðlæg, hin neðri útstæð, þykk, jafnan gulgræn. Yfirleitt með gróhirzlur. Nær alltaf með einn krans af æxliknöppum á yngsta árssprota og einn eða fleiri á eldri sprotum.

SkufsafingurHuperzia arctica (Grossh. ex Tolm.) Sipliv. Þéttar greinar; engin skil á milli árssprota. Öll blöð aðlæg, stutt, þykk, gul- eða brúngræn. Ætíð með æxliknappa, gróhirzlur fáséðar.

5-15 cm á hæð. Vex í gjótum, urðum og klettaskorum. Algengur um land allt nema í Mh.

Eldri nöfn á skollafingri eru vargslappi, tröllafótur, hrossajafni og villiviðargras. Nöfnin paufafingur og skufsafingur eru nýnefni. – Annars staðar á Norðurlöndum var sterkt seyði af plöntunni notað til þess að eyða lúsum, valda fósturláti, örva hægðir og drepa innyflaorma.

Enska: Fir (Northern, Mountain) Clubmoss
Danska: Otteradet Ulvefod
Sænska: Lopplummer
Norska: Lusegras Finnska: Ketunlieko
Þýzka: Tannen-Bärlapp
Franska: Lycopode Sélagine, Huperzie sélagine

Lyngjafnar – Lycopodium L.

Gr. lykos, úlfur; podos, fótur. Fjölærar, sígrænar þófaplöntur. Aðalstöngull jarðlægur og trénaður með gisstæðum blöðum, en upp af honum vaxa sívalar greinar með þéttstæð blöð. Rúmlega 50 tegundir teljast til ættkvíslarinnar; aðeins tvær vaxa hér.

Lykill að tegundum:

1. Ein legglaus gróhirzla á uppréttri grein; blöð ekki með hárodd (eða mjög lítinn) .. lyngjafni (L. annotinum)
1. 1-4 leggjaðar gróhirzlur; blöð með 1,5-4 mm langan, hvítan hárodd …. burstajafni (L. clavatum)

LyngjafniLycopodium annotinum L.

Á aðalstöngli, sem getur verið á annan metra á lengd, eru blöð gisstæð, lítið eitt hliðundin en í röðum. Á uppréttum, oftast ógreindum greinum, 4-20 cm á hæð, eru blöð þéttstæð, alhliða. Blöð útstæð eða aðlæg, strik- eða lensulaga, 3-10 mm á lengd, græn til brúngræn, ydd. Þroskuð blöð enda í stífum oddi, en ung blöð í skammæjum hároddi; blöð lítið eitt tennt eða heilrend. Gróbæru blöðin mynda toppstætt, legglaust ax á greinum frá fyrra ári, mjórri en aðrar greinar, 0,4-4 cm á lengd. Gróblöð eru 2-3,5 mm á lengd, kringlótt eða hjartalaga, stuttydd og með hárodd.

Tegundinni er á stundum skipt í tvær undirtegundir samkvæmt eftirfarandi lykli:

1. Aðalstöngull vex á jarðvegi; breidd greina 10-16 mm. Blöð útstæð eða aftursveigð, tennt …………………….. ssp. annotinum
1. Aðalstöngull vex niðri í feyrulagi; breidd greina 4-10 mm. Blöð aðlæg eða lítið eitt útstæð, heilrend ……… ssp. alpestre

Síðar nefnda undirtegundin, ssp. alpestre (Hartm.) Á. Löve et D. Löve, er mun algengari en hin.

4-20 cm á hæð. Vex innan um lyng og kjarr. Er víða á SV, V, NV, N og A.

Seyði af jöfnum þótti gott við sárum verkjum, uppþembingi, blóðsótt og niðurgangi. Þeir voru og notaðir til þess að lita með og fékkst af þeim gulur litur, einkum ef birkilauf eða lyng var haft með (sjá litunarjafni).

Enska: Stiff Clubmoss, Bristly club-moss, Interrupted Clubmoss
Danska: Islandsk-Ulvefod
Sænska: Revlummer
Norska: Stri kråkefot
Finnska: Riidenlieko
Þýzka: Wald-Bärlapp, Sprossender Bärlapp
Franska: Lycopode interrompu, Lycopode à rameaux annuels, Lycopode à feuilles de genévrier

 

BurstajafniLycopodium clavatum L.

Jarðlægur stöngull með margar uppsveigðar greinar, ýmist ógreindar eða mislangar smágreinar. Striklaga blöð annaðhvort útstæð eða aðlæg, þó einhliða uppsveigð á aðalstöngli, 2,5-5 mm á lengd, græn eða gulgræn, dregin fram í 1,5-4 mm langa, bugðótta hárburst, sem oft fellur af gömlum blöðum; blöð heilrend eða lítið eitt tennt. Gróblöð í axlíkri skipan, oftast 2 saman (geta verið fleiri) á mjóum hreistruðum legg. Gróbæru blöðin um 2,5 mm á lengd, með hárburst, fíntennt.

5-15 cm á hæð. Mjög sjaldgæfur. Fundinn á einum stað í Breiðdal, A. Friðlýstur.

Þar sem burstajafni er mjög sjaldgæfur, hefur hann aldrei verið nýttur hér á landi. Ekki er þó loku fyrir það skotið, að útbreiðsla nú sé leifar af mun víðáttumeiri dreifingu áður fyrri. Gróduft jafna var mikið notað fyrrum. Lyfjatöflur voru húðaðar með því, svo að þær klesstust ekki saman. Sé duftinu kastað á eld myndast leifturljós. Það var því notað í flugelda og til þess að mynda eldglæringar á leiksviði. Þá framkallar það fingraför og reynt hefur verið að nota það sem eldsneyti.

Enska: Running Clubmoss, Stag’s-horn club-moss, Common Clubmoss, Elk-moss, (Running) Ground-pine
Danska: Alm.-Ulvefod
Sænska: Mattlummer
Norska: Mjuk kråkefot
Finnska: Katinlieko
Þýzka: Keulen-Bärlapp, Kolben-Bärlapp
Franska: Lycopode en massue

 

Jafnar – Diphasiastrum Holub

Óekta Diphasium [ættkvísl], -astrum, ófullkomin eftirmynd. Fremur lítil ættkvísl með um 16 tegundir (1 hér). Margir grasafræðingar telja þó þessar tegundir til Lycopodium. Jarðlægir, skriðulir stönglar með uppréttar greinar, sem eru nokkuð flatar. Þófaplöntur. Blöð í fjórum röðum; hliðarblöð eru breiðari en fram- og afturblöð.

LitunarjafniDiphasiastrum alpinum (L.) Holub

Aðalstöngull er langur (75-80 cm), jarðlægur og með þétta, upprétta, marggreinda, 5-15 cm langa greinaskúfa. Blöð eru dökkgræn og bládöggvuð, lítil (2-4 mm) og heilrend. Þau standa þétt í fjórum röðum á flötum greinum; á stöngi eru blöð gisstæð. Gróblöð eru langydd í axlíkri skipan á endum greina, en plantan er sjaldan gróbær.

5-15 cm á hæð. Vex innan um lyng og hrís á snjóþungum stöðum. Algengur eða allvíða, nema á A og SA; þar er hann sjaldgæfur.

Var fyrrum notaður til litunar, aðallega með öðrum litagjöfum. Hefur að öðru leyti líka verkun og lyngjafni. Þó nokkur örnefni eru kennd til jafna (Jafnafell, Jafnadalur, Jafnaskarð). Ekki er ósennilegt, að þau séu til komin vegna þess, að menn hafi sótt þangað litunarjafna. Athygli vekur, hve þessi örnefni falla saman við skráða útbreiðslu hans. Í Landnámu segir, að Svarfdæla saga hafi gerzt af því, að Klaufi Hafþórsson hjó jafnabelg, sem bræður tveir sóttu í land hans.

Enska: Alpine Clubmoss
Danska: Bjerg-Ulvefod
Sænska: Fjällummer
Norska: Lusegras
Finnska: Tunturilieko
Þýzka: Alpen-Bärlapp
Franska: Lycopode des Alpes, Lycopode alpin

 

Heimildir og ítarefni:

Ingibjörg Sigurðardóttir: Áhrif lýkópódíum alkalóíða úr lyngjafna og skollafingri á angafrumur in vitro (http://hdl.handle.net/1946/4030)
Eyþór Einarsson 1968. Burstajafninn í Breiðdal. Náttúrufræðingurinn 36: 183–195.

Leitarorð:

72 Responses to “Jafnaætt – Lycopodiaceae”
  1. I have not checked in here for a while since I thought it was getting boring, but the last few posts are good quality so I guess I’ll add you back to my everyday bloglist. You deserve it my friend 🙂

  2. Absolutely pent subject matter, appreciate it for information .

  3. Eurogirlstalicy says:

    escort model

  4. I as well as my buddies came going through the good techniques found on your web blog while before long got an awful suspicion I had not thanked the web blog owner for those secrets. All the boys became consequently very interested to learn them and have now very much been making the most of them. I appreciate you for genuinely considerably accommodating and then for making a decision on this sort of exceptional subjects most people are really desperate to learn about. Our honest apologies for not expressing appreciation to earlier.

  5. Yay google is my king helped me to find this great site! .

  6. I like this website because so much useful material on here : D.

  7. I have not checked in here for some time since I thought it was getting boring, but the last several posts are good quality so I guess I will add you back to my daily bloglist. You deserve it my friend 🙂

  8. Merely wanna remark that you have a very nice website , I enjoy the design and style it actually stands out.

  9. Very interesting details you have remarked, regards for posting.

  10. Rattling fantastic visual appeal on this website , I’d rate it 10 10.

  11. Rattling instructive and wonderful complex body part of written content, now that’s user friendly (:.

  12. Merely wanna input on few general things, The website pattern is perfect, the subject matter is very superb. “To establish oneself in the world, one has to do all one can to appear established.” by Francois de La Rochefoucauld.

  13. As soon as I found this site I went on reddit to share some of the love with them.

  14. Very nice pattern and great content, absolutely nothing else we need : D.

  15. I’ve read some good stuff here. Definitely worth bookmarking for revisiting. I surprise how much effort you put to make such a excellent informative website.

  16. Just what I was searching for, thanks for putting up.

  17. Europa-Road says:

    Great info and right to the point. I don’t know if this is in fact the best place to ask but do you folks have any thoughts on where to get some professional writers? Thanks in advance 🙂

  18. Just what I was looking for, appreciate it for posting.

  19. I like this site very much, Its a rattling nice place to read and obtain information. “Words are like leaves and where they most abound, Much fruit of sense beneath is rarely found.” by Alexander Pope.

  20. My wife and i have been now contented when John managed to round up his studies through the ideas he discovered from your very own web page. It’s not at all simplistic to just happen to be making a gift of information and facts which usually the others may have been trying to sell. Therefore we grasp we have the website owner to appreciate for this. These explanations you have made, the simple web site navigation, the friendships you will help engender – it’s got mostly fantastic, and it’s really aiding our son in addition to us know that the subject matter is fun, and that’s quite essential. Thanks for all!

  21. I cling on to listening to the news bulletin speak about receiving free online grant applications so I have been looking around for the most excellent site to get one. Could you tell me please, where could i find some?

  22. Hi my loved one! I wish to say that this article is amazing, nice written and come with approximately all important infos. I?¦d like to peer more posts like this .

  23. Normally I don’t learn post on blogs, however I would like to say that this write-up very pressured me to check out and do so! Your writing taste has been surprised me. Thank you, very nice article.

  24. Excellent site. Lots of helpful info here. I am sending it to some friends ans additionally sharing in delicious. And obviously, thanks on your sweat!

  25. nft sender says:

    hi!,I like your writing very much! share we communicate more about your post on AOL? I require an expert on this area to solve my problem. May be that’s you! Looking forward to see you.

  26. passive income streams for doctors in the usa
    Monetizing your hot bod: a blogger’s how-to how to earn money from home with amazon mechanical turk
    Maximizing earnings with health blog affiliate marketing

  27. How to buy illegal diabetes medications online without getting caught?
    Yo where can I score some cheap diabetes drugs without a damn prescription?
    Buy Prandin online for diabetes without a prescription Online pharmacy for
    diabetes medication

  28. slot pulsa says:

    I will right away snatch your rss as I can not to find your email subscription hyperlink or e-newsletter service. Do you have any? Please permit me recognize so that I may subscribe. Thanks.

  29. Nice post. I be taught something more difficult on totally different blogs everyday. It will always be stimulating to learn content material from different writers and follow a little something from their store. I’d choose to use some with the content on my blog whether or not you don’t mind. Natually I’ll provide you with a link in your net blog. Thanks for sharing.

  30. I really enjoy looking through on this internet site, it holds excellent blog posts.

  31. very nice post, i actually love this website, keep on it

  32. I believe this website holds some real superb info for everyone : D.

  33. pg soft slot says:

    I have read a few just right stuff here. Definitely worth bookmarking for revisiting. I wonder how a lot attempt you set to create one of these fantastic informative site.

  34. My spouse and I absolutely love your blog and find most of your post’s to be just what I’m looking for. Does one offer guest writers to write content in your case? I wouldn’t mind producing a post or elaborating on a number of the subjects you write with regards to here. Again, awesome web site!

  35. Yay google is my queen aided me to find this great web site! .

  36. Thanks so much for providing individuals with such a superb opportunity to check tips from here. It is usually very lovely and as well , full of a good time for me and my office mates to visit your site at least thrice in 7 days to learn the new tips you have got. Of course, I am usually impressed with the wonderful tips and hints served by you. Selected 4 points in this article are surely the most efficient we have all had.

  37. Playslot77 says:

    You are my inhalation, I own few blogs and occasionally run out from brand :). “No opera plot can be sensible, for people do not sing when they are feeling sensible.” by W. H. Auden.

  38. Playslot77 says:

    It’s really a nice and useful piece of info. I’m glad that you shared this helpful info with us. Please keep us up to date like this. Thanks for sharing.

  39. Fastwin77 says:

    Very good written story. It will be beneficial to anybody who utilizes it, as well as myself. Keep doing what you are doing – can’r wait to read more posts.

  40. Fastwin77 says:

    Greetings from Colorado! I’m bored at work so I decided to check out your blog on my iphone during lunch break. I really like the knowledge you present here and can’t wait to take a look when I get home. I’m shocked at how fast your blog loaded on my mobile .. I’m not even using WIFI, just 3G .. Anyways, good blog!

  41. Betwing88 says:

    Thanks for some other informative blog. The place else may just I get that type of information written in such an ideal manner? I’ve a undertaking that I am just now running on, and I have been at the look out for such information.

  42. Sensaslot88 says:

    I am extremely impressed with your writing skills and also with the layout on your blog. Is this a paid theme or did you customize it yourself? Either way keep up the excellent quality writing, it’s rare to see a nice blog like this one nowadays..

  43. Sensaslot88 says:

    Sweet blog! I found it while surfing around on Yahoo News. Do you have any tips on how to get listed in Yahoo News? I’ve been trying for a while but I never seem to get there! Cheers

  44. data hk says:

    Wow! This can be one particular of the most helpful blogs We’ve ever arrive across on this subject. Basically Excellent. I am also an expert in this topic so I can understand your effort.

  45. vipbetflex says:

    Lovely just what I was searching for.Thanks to the author for taking his time on this one.

  46. Hi! This is my first visit to your blog! We are a group of volunteers and starting a new project in a community in the same niche.
    Your blog provided us valuable information to work on. You
    have done a wonderful job!

  47. What i do not understood is in truth how you are now not really a lot more neatly-appreciated than you may be right now.
    You’re very intelligent. You know therefore considerably when it comes
    to this matter, produced me in my opinion believe it from a lot of various angles.
    Its like women and men are not fascinated except it is one thing to do with Lady
    gaga! Your individual stuffs excellent. Always maintain it up!

  48. Carmon says:

    You actually make it seem really easy along with your presentation however I find this matter to be really one thing which I
    believe I’d never understand. It seems too complicated and very
    vast for me. I am taking a look forward on your subsequent put up, I will try to get the hold of it!

  49. I like your writing style truly enjoying this web site.

  50. Excellent site you have got here.. It’s difficult to find high-quality
    writing like yours nowadays. I honestly appreciate people like you!
    Take care!!

  51. My spouse and I stumbled over here from a different website and thought I might check things out.

    I like what I see so now i am following you. Look forward to checking out your web page yet again.

  52. Great – I should certainly pronounce, impressed with your website. I had no trouble navigating through all the tabs and related information ended up being truly simple to do to access. I recently found what I hoped for before you know it in the least. Reasonably unusual. Is likely to appreciate it for those who add forums or something, web site theme . a tones way for your client to communicate. Nice task.

  53. No matter if some one searches for his vital thing, so he/she desires to be available that in detail, so that thing is maintained over
    here.

  54. tlover tonet says:

    It is the best time to make some plans for the future and it’s time to be happy. I have read this post and if I could I want to suggest you few interesting things or advice. Maybe you could write next articles referring to this article. I want to read more things about it!

  55. tlovertonet says:

    With havin so much content do you ever run into any issues of plagorism or copyright violation? My blog has a lot of exclusive content I’ve either written myself or outsourced but it looks like a lot of it is popping it up all over the internet without my permission. Do you know any techniques to help stop content from being ripped off? I’d genuinely appreciate it.

  56. GMB SEO says:

    Hi, Neat post. There’s a problem with your website in internet explorer, would test this… IE still is the market leader and a big portion of people will miss your wonderful writing because of this problem.

  57. Just desire to say your article is as astounding. The clearness
    in your post is simply nice and i can assume you’re an expert on this subject.
    Fine with your permission let me to grab your feed
    to keep updated with forthcoming post. Thanks a million and please keep up
    the rewarding work.

  58. bulantogel says:

    Hey, you used to write magnificent, but the last few posts have been kinda boringK I miss your great writings. Past several posts are just a little out of track! come on!

  59. Simply a smiling visitor here to share the love (:, btw outstanding style.

  60. You actually make it seem so easy with your presentation but I find this matter to be really something that I think I would never understand. It seems too complicated and very broad for me. I’m looking forward for your next post, I’ll try to get the hang of it!

  61. Czytanie wiadomości e-mail innych osób na komputerze bez znajomości hasła jest bardzo trudne. Ale mimo że Gmail ma wysokie zabezpieczenia, ludzie wiedzą, jak potajemnie włamać się do konta Gmail. Udostępnimy kilka artykułów na temat łamania Gmaila, tajnego hakowania dowolnego konta Gmail, nie znając ani słowa.

  62. What Is Aizen Power? Aizen Power is presented as a distinctive dietary supplement with a singular focus on addressing the root cause of smaller phalluses

  63. Thanks for another wonderful post. Where else may anybody get
    that type of information in such an ideal means of writing?
    I have a presentation subsequent week, and I’m on the search for such information.

  64. Hello.This post was extremely interesting, particularly since I was searching for thoughts on this subject last Saturday.

  65. I like what you guys are up also. Such clever work and reporting! Keep up the excellent works guys I have incorporated you guys to my blogroll. I think it will improve the value of my site 🙂

  66. Can I just say what a aid to find someone who really is aware of what theyre talking about on the internet. You definitely know the best way to carry a difficulty to mild and make it important. Extra folks need to learn this and perceive this aspect of the story. I cant imagine youre not more fashionable because you definitely have the gift.

  67. Very nice post. I just stumbled upon your weblog and wished to say that I have truly enjoyed browsing your blog posts. In any case I will be subscribing to your feed and I hope you write again soon!

  68. Sight care says:

    Having read this I thought it was very informative. I appreciate you taking the time and effort to put this article together. I once again find myself spending way to much time both reading and commenting. But so what, it was still worth it!

  69. Way cool, some valid points! I appreciate you making this article available, the rest of the site is also high quality. Have a fun.

  70. It’s hard to find knowledgeable people on this topic, but you sound like you know what you’re talking about! Thanks

  71. Hello there! Quick question that’s completely off topic. Do you know how to make your site mobile friendly? My blog looks weird when browsing from my iphone4. I’m trying to find a template or plugin that might be able to correct this problem. If you have any recommendations, please share. With thanks!

  72. Youre so cool! I dont suppose Ive read anything like this before. So nice to find anyone with some unique ideas on this subject. realy thank you for starting this up. this web site is something that’s needed on the net, somebody with a bit of originality. useful job for bringing something new to the internet!

Leave a Reply